The Office of Civil Rights also documents another race-based disparity that impedes the school success of children of color: harsh disciplinary policies that rely on out-of-school suspensions and expulsions.
- The Civil Rights Project at UCLA, led by Gary Orfield and Patricia Gandara, provides a rich resource of data, action research and advocacy tools to address disparities in school discipline policies and practices throughout the nation. See, for example, Out of School and Off Track: The Overuse of Suspensions in American Middle and High Schools.